Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma and postpartum complications.
Dwan K, Fox T, Lutje V, Lavender T, Mills TA.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 Oct 28;10(10):CD016148. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD016148.
The effects of warm perineal compress on perineal trauma and postpartum pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.
Maghalian M, Alikamali M, Nabighadim M, Mirghafourvand M.
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2024 Mar;309(3):843-869. doi: 10.1007/s00404-023-07195-2. Epub 2023 Aug 26.
Physical therapy assistance in labor: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Delgado A, Lemos A, Marinho G, Melo RS, Pinheiro F, Amorim M.
Braz J Phys Ther. 2025 Mar-Apr;29(2):101169. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2024.101169. Epub 2025 Jan 23.
Hyaluronidase for reducing perineal trauma.
Zhou F, Zhang J, Li Y, Huang GQ, Li J, Wang XD.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 Nov 14;11(11):CD010441. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010441.pub3.
The relationship between perineal size and episiotomy during delivery.
Radnia N, Khansari S, Jiriaei N, Hosseini SA, Salemi L, Hamoon M.
J Med Life. 2022 Nov;15(11):1379-1383. doi: 10.25122/jml-2021-0390.
Counseling after perineal laceration: does it improve functional outcome?
Vasseur A, Lepigeon K, Baud D, Horsch A, Meyer S, Vial Y, Achtari C.
Int Urogynecol J. 2019 Jun;30(6):925-931. doi: 10.1007/s00192-018-3712-5. Epub 2018 Jul 6.
Lidocaine spray vs mepivacaine local infiltration for suturing 1st/2nd grade perineal lacerations: a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial.
Restaino S, Degano M, Rizzante E, Battello G, Paparcura F, Biasioli A, Arcieri M, Filip G, Vetrugno L, Dogareschi T, Bove T, Petrillo M, Capobianco G, Vizzielli G, Driul L; LISPRAY Group.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024 Jun 24;24(1):439. doi: 10.1186/s12884-024-06640-7.
Structured Workshop for Repair of High-Grade Perineal Lacerations Among Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents, The Need for Repetition and Retraining.
Ghanbari Z, Eshghinejad A, Ghaemi M, Hadizadeh A, Adabi K, Hivechi N, Yazdizadeh M, Pasikhani MD.
J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2024 Feb;74(1):31-37. doi: 10.1007/s13224-023-01792-6. Epub 2023 Oct 9.
Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Pain and Healing of Episiotomies and Grade 2 and 3 Perineal Lacerations After Vaginal Delivery: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.
Filho LJR, Barcellos MV, Pesci FBP, Camargo E Silva L, Dos Santos JCE, Jacobs A, Litwinczuk AFA, Rodrigues MFSD, Motta LJ, Dos Santos Filho CS, Cecatto RB.
Med Sci (Basel). 2026 Mar 6;14(1):125. doi: 10.3390/medsci14010125.
Effectiveness of Perineal Protection Devices in Reducing Birth-Related Perineal Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and GRADE Assessment.
Allam S, Abdelkader OKS, Mansour R, Elsayed N, Elshiekh H, Tarabishi J, Hegazy SM, Arafa A, Kertam A.
Int Urogynecol J. 2026 Feb;37(2):261-275. doi: 10.1007/s00192-025-06364-y. Epub 2025 Nov 19.
