The prevention of perineal trauma during vaginal birth.
Okeahialam NA, Sultan AH, Thakar R.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Mar;230(3S):S991-S1004. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.06.021. Epub 2023 Aug 11.
Perineal tears - A review.
Goh R, Goh D, Ellepola H.
Aust J Gen Pract. 2018 Jan-Feb;47(1-2):35-38. doi: 10.31128/AFP-09-17-4333.
Repair of episiotomy and obstetrical perineal lacerations (first-fourth).
Schmidt PC, Fenner DE.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Mar;230(3S):S1005-S1013. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.07.005. Epub 2023 May 2.
Non-pharmacological therapies applied in pregnancy and labor: an integrative review.
Biana CB, Cecagno D, Porto AR, Cecagno S, Marques VA, Soares MC.
Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021 Apr 16;55:e03681. doi: 10.1590/S1980-220X2019019703681. eCollection 2021.
ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 198: Prevention and Management of Obstetric Lacerations at Vaginal Delivery.
Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics.
Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Sep;132(3):e87-e102. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002841.
Obstetric Lacerations: Prevention and Repair.
Arnold MJ, Sadler K, Leli K.
Am Fam Physician. 2021 Jun 15;103(12):745-752.
Third- and fourth-degree tears: A review of the current evidence for prevention and management.
Wilson AN, Homer CSE.
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2020 Apr;60(2):175-182. doi: 10.1111/ajo.13127. Epub 2020 Feb 17.
Perineal massage during labor: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Aquino CI, Guida M, Saccone G, Cruz Y, Vitagliano A, Zullo F, Berghella V.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Mar;33(6):1051-1063. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1512574. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
Upright positions in childbirth and the prevention of perineal lacerations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Rocha BDD, Zamberlan C, Pivetta HMF, Santos BZ, Antunes BS.
Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2020 Sep 14;54:e03610. doi: 10.1590/S1980-220X2018027503610. eCollection 2020.
Care for perineal tears in vaginal delivery: An update for midwife.
Hartinah A, Usman AN, Sartini, Jafar N, Arsyad MA, Yulianty R, Sirenden H, Nurung J.
Gac Sanit. 2021;35 Suppl 2:S216-S220. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.024.
