Perineal Lacerations.
Ramar CN, Vadakekut ES, Grimes WR.
2024 Aug 11. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–.
Perineal massage and training reduce perineal trauma in pregnant women older than 35 years: a randomized controlled trial.
Dieb AS, Shoab AY, Nabil H, Gabr A, Abdallah AA, Shaban MM, Attia AH.
Int Urogynecol J. 2020 Mar;31(3):613-619. doi: 10.1007/s00192-019-03937-6. Epub 2019 Apr 2.
The effect of antenatal pelvic floor muscle training on labor and delivery outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Du Y, Xu L, Ding L, Wang Y, Wang Z.
Int Urogynecol J. 2015 Oct;26(10):1415-27. doi: 10.1007/s00192-015-2654-4. Epub 2015 Feb 25.
Determination of a cutoff value for pelvic floor distensibility using the Epi-no balloon to predict perineal integrity in vaginal delivery: ROC curve analysis. Prospective observational single cohort study.
Zanetti MR, Petricelli CD, Alexandre SM, Paschoal A, Araujo Júnior E, Nakamura MU.
Sao Paulo Med J. 2016 Apr;134(2):97-102. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2014.8581009. Epub 2015 Mar 17.
Skeletal Muscle Complex Between the Vagina and Anal Canal: Implications for Perineal Laceration.
Muro S, Chikazawa K, Delancey JOL, Akita K.
Int Urogynecol J. 2024 Dec;35(12):2313-2322. doi: 10.1007/s00192-024-05851-y. Epub 2024 Jul 12.
The Efficacy of Divabirth Vaginal Dilator to Prevent Pelvic Floor Trauma During Labor: A Protocol Study.
Rahman MN, Wilopo SA, Emilia O.
Int J Surg Protoc. 2022 Oct 28;26(1):88-93. doi: 10.29337/ijsp.179. eCollection 2022.
Incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries following breech compared to cephalic vaginal births.
Leborne P, de Tayrac R, Zemmache Z, Serrand C, Fabbro-Peray P, Allegre L, Vintejoux E.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023 May 4;23(1):317. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-05595-5.
A 3-Dimensional Anatomical Education Model in Postpartum Perineal Laceration Care: A Pre-Post Intervention Study.
Koury H, Corral J, Bastow BD, Sheeder J, Muffly TM.
Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2019 Mar/Apr;25(2):e23-e27. doi: 10.1097/SPV.0000000000000698.
Pushing/bearing down methods for the second stage of labour.
Lemos A, Amorim MM, Dornelas de Andrade A, de Souza AI, Cabral Filho JE, Correia JB.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Oct 9;(10):CD009124. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009124.pub2.
Perineal trauma after vaginal delivery in healthy pregnant women.
Oliveira LS, Brito LG, Quintana SM, Duarte G, Marcolin AC.
Sao Paulo Med J. 2014;132(4):231-8. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2014.1324710.
