Congenital middle ear abnormalities with absence of the oval window: diagnosis, surgery, and audiometric outcomes.
Treatment of congenital middle ear cholesteatoma in children using endoscopic and microscopic ear surgeries: a case series.
Xue P, Wang Z, Chai Y, Si M, Hu L.
Front Pediatr. 2024 May 24;12:1336183. doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1336183. eCollection 2024.
Congenital middle ear abnormalities with absence of the oval window: diagnosis, surgery, and audiometric outcomes.
Su Y, Yuan H, Song YS, Shen WD, Han WJ, Liu J, Han DY, Dai P.
Otol Neurotol. 2014 Aug;35(7):1191-5. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000277.
Mowat-Wilson syndrome.
Garavelli L, Mainardi PC.
Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007 Oct 24;2:42. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-42.
[Effect of malleostapedotomy procedure on 17 cases of congenital middle ear malformation].
Chen ZR, Xie J, Zhao PF, Gong SS.
Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021 Aug 7;56(8):806-811. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200819-00682.
Congenital middle ear cholesteatoma: need for early recognition--role of computed tomography scan.
El-Bitar MA, Choi SS, Emamian SA, Vezina LG.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003 Mar;67(3):231-5. doi: 10.1016/s0165-5876(02)00373-7.
Locations of congenital cholesteatoma in the middle ear in Japanese patients.
Kashiwamura M, Fukuda S, Chida E, Matsumura M.
Am J Otolaryngol. 2005 Nov-Dec;26(6):372-6. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2005.02.014.
Congenital anomalies of the inner ear.
Sando I, Takahara T, Ogawa A.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1984 Jul-Aug;112:110-8. doi: 10.1177/00034894840930s419.
Ear Microtia.
Andrews J, Kopacz AA, Hohman MH.
2024 Mar 1. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–.
Congenital Absence of Stapes Suprastructure and Footplate: A Case Report.
Jiraboonsri S, Tananuchittikul P.
ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2024;86(2):101-106. doi: 10.1159/000536492. Epub 2024 Mar 1.
Ossiculoplasty.
Young A, Ng M.
2024 Dec 11. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–.
