Congenital fistula of the fourth branchial arch: Report of case with long-lasting misdiagnosis.
Stadler TM, Morand GB, Schmid S, Broglie MA.
Clin Case Rep. 2019 Jan 1;7(2):295-298. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.1965. eCollection 2019 Feb.
Congenital glossocervical fistula of presumed branchial origin: A unique anatomical pathway.
Koda K, Kondo K, Saito Y, Yamasoba T.
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2025 May-Jun;91(3):101567. doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101567. Epub 2025 Mar 24.
Branchial Cyst with Branchial Fistula: A Rare Association.
Sumana B, Sahaja K, Kalyani B, Swarupa K, Rao VRK.
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019 Oct;71(Suppl 1):633-636. doi: 10.1007/s12070-018-1443-z. Epub 2018 Jul 6.
Congenital cutaneous fistula at the sternoclavicular joint - Not a dermoid fistula but the remnant of the fourth branchial (pharyngeal) cleft ?
Ohno M, Kanamori Y, Tomonaga K, Yamashita T, Migita M, Takezoe T, Watanabe T, Fuchimoto Y, Matsuoka K.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 Dec;79(12):2120-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.09.025. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
Branchial Cleft Anomalies.
Holt AC, Lofgren DH, Shermetaro C.
2025 May 27. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–.
Congenital anomalies of the branchial apparatus: embryology and pathologic anatomy.
Benson MT, Dalen K, Mancuso AA, Kerr HH, Cacciarelli AA, Mafee MF.
Radiographics. 1992 Sep;12(5):943-60. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.12.5.1529135.
Branchial fistula--a review.
Lee ST, Krishnan MM.
Singapore Med J. 1991 Feb;32(1):50-2.
[Efficacy of endoscopic-assisted resection of congenital first and second branchial cleft malformations in children with external fistula incision approach].
Zhao D, Li B, Zhao S, Huang M, Liu G, Zhou Z.
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2025 Feb;39(2):137-140;146. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2025.02.008.
Branchial Cleft Cyst.
Nahata V.
Indian J Dermatol. 2016 Nov-Dec;61(6):701. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.193718.
Computed Tomography Findings of Complete Branchial Cleft Fistula.
King J, Mitchell B.
Ear Nose Throat J. 2022 May;101(4):NP146-NP148. doi: 10.1177/0145561320956482. Epub 2020 Sep 13.
