Leopold Maneuvers.
Superville SS, Siccardi MA.
2024 Jul 27. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–.
Shoulder Dystocia: A Comprehensive Literature Review on Diagnosis, Prevention, Complications, Prognosis, and Management.
Tsikouras P, Kotanidou S, Nikolettos K, Kritsotaki N, Bothou A, Andreou S, Nalmpanti T, Chalkia K, Spanakis V, Peitsidis P, Iatrakis G, Nikolettos N.
J Pers Med. 2024 May 30;14(6):586. doi: 10.3390/jpm14060586.
Intrapartum ultrasound.
Ramirez Zegarra R, Lizarraga Cepeda E, Ghi T.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2025 Jul;101:102617. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2025.102617. Epub 2025 Jun 2.
Sonographic evaluation of the fetal head position and attitude during labor.
Ghi T, Dall'Asta A.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Mar;230(3S):S890-S900. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.06.003. Epub 2023 May 19.
Artificial Intelligence Dystocia Algorithm (AIDA) as a Decision Support System in Transverse Fetal Head Position.
Malvasi A, Malgieri LE, Difonzo T, Achiron R, Tinelli A, Baldini GM, Vasciaveo L, Beck R, Mappa I, Rizzo G.
J Imaging. 2025 Jul 5;11(7):223. doi: 10.3390/jimaging11070223.
Shoulder dystocia: incidence, mechanisms, and management strategies.
Menticoglou S.
Int J Womens Health. 2018 Nov 9;10:723-732. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S175088. eCollection 2018.
[Management of shoulder dystocia].
Le Ray C, Oury JF.
J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2015 Dec;44(10):1272-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2015.09.048. Epub 2015 Oct 31.
Difficult delivery of the impacted fetal head during cesarean section: intraoperative disengagement dystocia.
Blickstein I.
J Perinat Med. 2004;32(6):465-9. doi: 10.1515/JPM.2004.152.
Ultrasound vs routine care before instrumental vaginal delivery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Mappa I, Tartaglia S, Maqina P, Makatsariya A, Ghi T, Rizzo G, D'Antonio F.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021 Nov;100(11):1941-1948. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14236. Epub 2021 Aug 8.
Asynclitism and Its Ultrasonographic Rediscovery in Labor Room to Date: A Systematic Review.
Malvasi A, Vinciguerra M, Lamanna B, Cascardi E, Damiani GR, Muzzupapa G, Kosmas I, Beck R, Falagario M, Vimercati A, Cicinelli E, Trojano G, Tinelli A, Cazzato G, Dellino M.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Nov 30;12(12):2998. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12122998.
