Huge vulvar varicosities in pregnancy: case report and systematic review.
Giannella L, Montanari M, Delli Carpini G, Di Giuseppe J, Ciavattini A.
J Int Med Res. 2022 May;50(5):3000605221097764. doi: 10.1177/03000605221097764.
Severe Vulvovaginal Varicosities in Pregnancy.
Pratilas GC, Dinas K.
N Engl J Med. 2018 May 31;378(22):2123. doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm1715053.
Severe vulvar varicosities in pregnancy with the detailed sequential clinical course and management considerations: A case report.
Nomura Y, Furuya K, Hayashi K, Kuruma A, Yamashita S, Chang Y, Shikado K, Tsubouchi H, Ogita K.
Case Rep Womens Health. 2025 Nov 3;48:e00764. doi: 10.1016/j.crwh.2025.e00764. eCollection 2025 Dec.
Vulvar varicosities: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Gavrilov SG.
Int J Womens Health. 2017 Jun 28;9:463-475. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S126165. eCollection 2017.
Vaginal delivery in the presence of huge vulvar varicosities: a case report with MRI evaluation.
Furuta N, Kondoh E, Yamada S, Kawasaki K, Ueda A, Mogami H, Konishi I.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013 Apr;167(2):127-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.11.024. Epub 2012 Dec 31.
Giant Vulvar Vascular Lesion in Pregnancy: A Case Report.
Jin Y, Gao J, Luo L, Wu Y.
Int J Womens Health. 2026 Apr 9;18:589720. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S589720. eCollection 2026.
The predictive value of common symptoms in early pregnancy for complications later in pregnancy and at birth.
Ertmann RK, Nicolaisdottir DR, Kragstrup J, Overbeck G, Kriegbaum M, Siersma V.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2023 Jan;102(1):33-42. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14474. Epub 2022 Oct 27.
Venous dynamics--varicosities.
Sumner DS.
Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1981 Sep;24(3):743-60. doi: 10.1097/00003081-198109000-00004.
Oral and vulvovaginal changes in pregnancy.
Ramos-E-Silva M, Martins NR, Kroumpouzos G.
Clin Dermatol. 2016 May-Jun;34(3):353-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.007. Epub 2016 Mar 2.
Interventions for varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy.
Smyth RM, Aflaifel N, Bamigboye AA.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Oct 19;2015(10):CD001066. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001066.pub3.
