Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP).
Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M.
Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Nov;63 Suppl 11:S240-52. doi: 10.1002/acr.20543.
Assessment of Chronic Pain: Domains, Methods, and Mechanisms.
Fillingim RB, Loeser JD, Baron R, Edwards RR.
J Pain. 2016 Sep;17(9 Suppl):T10-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.08.010.
Individual differences in pain: understanding the mosaic that makes pain personal.
Fillingim RB.
Pain. 2017 Apr;158 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S11-S18. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000775.
The validity of pain intensity measures: what do the NRS, VAS, VRS, and FPS-R measure?
Thong ISK, Jensen MP, Miró J, Tan G.
Scand J Pain. 2018 Jan 26;18(1):99-107. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-0012.
The contemporary management of neck pain in adults.
Fandim JV, Nitzsche R, Michaleff ZA, Pena Costa LO, Saragiotto B.
Pain Manag. 2021 Jan;11(1):75-87. doi: 10.2217/pmt-2020-0046. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
Chronic Pain: Where the Body Meets the Brain.
Crofford LJ.
Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2015;126:167-83.
The neurobiology of pain perception in normal and persistent pain.
Fenton BW, Shih E, Zolton J.
Pain Manag. 2015;5(4):297-317. doi: 10.2217/pmt.15.27. Epub 2015 Jun 19.
Pain Assessment.
Furstein J.
Nurs Clin North Am. 2025 Dec;60(4):573-589. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2025.01.009. Epub 2025 Feb 17.
A meta-analysis of the associations of elements of the fear-avoidance model of chronic pain with negative affect, depression, anxiety, pain-related disability and pain intensity.
Rogers AH, Farris SG.
Eur J Pain. 2022 Sep;26(8):1611-1635. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1994. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
Pain without inflammation in rheumatic diseases.
Lampa J.
Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2019 Jun;33(3):101439. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.101439. Epub 2019 Sep 6.
