D'Souza N, de Neree Tot Babberich MPM, Lord A, Shaw A, Abulafi M, Tekkis P, Wiggers T, Brown G.
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PMID:30217314
Cancer of the Rectum and Rectosigmoid Junction: 20-Year Comparative Survival and Mortality Analysis by Age, Sex, Race, Stage, Grade, Cohort Entry Time-Period and Disease Duration: A Systematic Review of 266,898 Cases for Diagnosis Years 1973-2014: (SEER*Stat 8.3.4).
Adenocarcinomas of the upper third of the rectum and the rectosigmoid junction seem to have similar prognosis as colon cancers even without radiotherapy, SAKK 40/87.
Käser SA, Froelicher J, Li Q, Müller S, Metzger U, Castiglione M, Laffer UT, Maurer CA.