Absent fourth heart sound as a marker of adverse events in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with sinus rhythm.
Sakai C, Kawasaki T, Kawamata H, Harimoto K, Shiraishi H, Matoba S.
Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2022 May;27(3):e12932. doi: 10.1111/anec.12932. Epub 2022 Feb 11.
Importance of fourth heart sound and preserved left atrial function in wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis.
Ochi Y, Yamasaki N, Kubo T, Baba Y, Miyagawa K, Noguchi T, Hirota T, Hamada T, Kitaoka H.
ESC Heart Fail. 2024 Dec;11(6):4000-4008. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.14937. Epub 2024 Aug 1.
Dynamic Changes in Fourth Heart Sound in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Visualized Phonocardiography and SGLT2 Inhibitor Adjustment.
Yagi K, Chujo D, Ogawa S, Saito S, Iwazawa M, Tsuchiya T, Mizuta S, Yamasaki N, Muro T.
Case Rep Med. 2025 Aug 11;2025:2871380. doi: 10.1155/carm/2871380. eCollection 2025.
Auscultatory perception of the fourth heart sound: effects of interval form fourth to first sound (S4-S1) and aging.
Kino M, Shahamatpour A, Spodick DH.
Am J Cardiol. 1976 May;37(6):848-52. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(76)90108-9.
Prevalence of the third and fourth heart sound in asymptomatic adults.
Collins SP, Arand P, Lindsell CJ, Peacock WF 4th, Storrow AB.
Congest Heart Fail. 2005 Sep-Oct;11(5):242-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1527-5299.2005.04326.x.
Correlation of an audible fourth heart sound with level of diastolic dysfunction.
Meyers DG, Porter IT, Schneider KA, Maksoud AR.
Am J Med Sci. 2009 Mar;337(3):165-8. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318182ee55.
Relationship of auscultatory fourth heart sound to the quantitated left atrial filling fraction.
Homma S, Bhattacharjee D, Gopal A, Correia J.
Clin Cardiol. 1991 Aug;14(8):671-4. doi: 10.1002/clc.4960140809.
Prevalence and significance of the fourth heart sound (S4) in presumably healthy middle-aged men, with particular relation to latent coronary heart disease.
Erikssen J, Rasmussen K.
Eur J Cardiol. 1979 Jan;9(1):63-75.
Relationship of the fourth heart sound to atrial systolic transmitral flow deceleration.
McGuire AM, Hagley MT, Hall AF, Kovács SJ.
Am J Physiol. 1997 Mar;272(3 Pt 2):H1527-36. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.3.H1527.
Audibility of the fourth heart sound. Relationship to presence of disease and examiner experience.
Jordan MD, Taylor CR, Nyhuis AW, Tavel ME.
Arch Intern Med. 1987 Apr;147(4):721-6.
