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Importance of fourth heart sound and preserved left atrial function in wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis.
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Auscultatory perception of the fourth heart sound: effects of interval form fourth to first sound (S4-S1) and aging.
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Third and Fourth Heart Sounds and Myocardial Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
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Circ J. 2018 Jan 25;82(2):509-516. doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-17-0650. Epub 2017 Sep 16.
Relationship between accurate auscultation of the fourth heart sound and the level of physician experience.
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Clin Cardiol. 2009 Feb;32(2):69-75. doi: 10.1002/clc.20431.
Correlation of an audible fourth heart sound with level of diastolic dysfunction.
Meyers DG, Porter IT, Schneider KA, Maksoud AR.
Am J Med Sci. 2009 Mar;337(3):165-8. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318182ee55.
Dynamic Changes in Fourth Heart Sound in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Visualized Phonocardiography and SGLT2 Inhibitor Adjustment.
Yagi K, Chujo D, Ogawa S, Saito S, Iwazawa M, Tsuchiya T, Mizuta S, Yamasaki N, Muro T.
Case Rep Med. 2025 Aug 11;2025:2871380. doi: 10.1155/carm/2871380. eCollection 2025.
Association of the fourth heart sound with increased left ventricular end-diastolic stiffness.
Shah SJ, Nakamura K, Marcus GM, Gerber IL, McKeown BH, Jordan MV, Huddleston M, Foster E, Michaels AD.
J Card Fail. 2008 Jun;14(5):431-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.01.010. Epub 2008 May 27.
Relationship of the fourth heart sound to atrial systolic transmitral flow deceleration.
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Prevalence and significance of the fourth heart sound (S4) in presumably healthy middle-aged men, with particular relation to latent coronary heart disease.
Erikssen J, Rasmussen K.
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