Anal reflex versus bulbocavernosus reflex in evaluation of patients with spinal cord injury.
Kirshblum S, Eren F.
Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2020 Jan 7;6:2. doi: 10.1038/s41394-019-0251-3. eCollection 2020.
Bulbocavernosus or anal reflex, one or both should be tested after spinal cord injury.
Graves DE.
Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2020 Jan 7;6:4. doi: 10.1038/s41394-019-0253-1. eCollection 2020.
Bladder-anal reflex.
Basinski C, Fuller E, Brizendine EJ, Benson JT.
Neurourol Urodyn. 2003;22(7):683-6. doi: 10.1002/nau.10101.
Anal-cardiac reflex leading to coronary spasm and cardiac arrest during abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (MILES): case report and review of the literature.
Lin Y, Wu J, Wu J, Liu J, Liang C.
J Cardiothorac Surg. 2025 Mar 26;20(1):165. doi: 10.1186/s13019-025-03387-w.
Preservation of the colo-anal reflex in colonic transection and post-operative Hirschsprung's disease: Potential extrinsic neural pathway.
Sintusek P, Rybak A, Mutalib M, Thapar N, Borrelli O, Lindley KJ.
Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019 Jan;31(1):e13472. doi: 10.1111/nmo.13472. Epub 2018 Oct 4.
Application of bulbocavernosus reflex combined with anal sphincter electromyography in the diagnosis of MSA and PD.
Niu X, Cheng Y, Hu W, Fan Z, Zhang W, Shao B, Deng B.
Int J Neurosci. 2022 Sep;132(9):851-856. doi: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1846533. Epub 2020 Nov 17.
The enteric nervous system and gastrointestinal innervation: integrated local and central control.
Furness JB, Callaghan BP, Rivera LR, Cho HJ.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014;817:39-71. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_3.
Human anal reflexes.
Pedersen E, Harving H, Klemar B, Tørring J.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1978 Sep;41(9):813-8. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.41.9.813.
Fecal Continence for Solid and Liquid Stool: The Function of the Anal-External Sphincter Continence Reflex and the Puborectal Continence Reflex.
Jonker JE, Trzpis M, Broens PMA.
Dis Colon Rectum. 2020 Oct;63(10):1419-1426. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001615.
Increased anal basal pressure in chronic anal fissures may be caused by overreaction of the anal-external sphincter continence reflex.
van Meegdenburg MM, Trzpis M, Heineman E, Broens PM.
Med Hypotheses. 2016 Sep;94:25-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.06.005. Epub 2016 Jun 5.
