Principles of external fixation of the femur.
Sabharwal S, Kishan S, Behrens F.
Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2005 May;34(5):218-23.
Rate of Refracture After Removal of Hardware in Pediatric Femur Fractures.
Siu JW, Chan C, Swarup I, Sabatini CS.
J Pediatr Orthop. 2023 Sep 1;43(8):e674-e679. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000002454. Epub 2023 Jun 19.
Risk factors for refracture of the femoral shaft in children after removal of external fixation.
Guo M, Su Y.
J Orthop Traumatol. 2021 Feb 24;22(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s10195-021-00569-9.
Patellar Instability.
Wolfe S, Varacallo MA, Thomas JD, Carroll JJ, Kahwaji CI.
2023 Sep 4. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–.
External fixation of pediatric femur fractures.
Blasier RD, Aronson J, Tursky EA.
J Pediatr Orthop. 1997 May-Jun;17(3):342-6.
[External fixation with reconstruction rail system as a treatment for pseudoarthrosis of the distal femur].
Morales-Avalos R, Rodríguez-Torres RA, Martínez-Manautou LE, Rivera-Zarazúa S, Requena-Araujo P, Blázquez-Saldaña J, Peña-Martínez VM.
Acta Ortop Mex. 2020 Sep-Oct;34(5):309-312.
Comparison of dynamic versus static external fixation for pediatric femur fractures.
Domb BG, Sponseller PD, Ain M, Miller NH.
J Pediatr Orthop. 2002 Jul-Aug;22(4):428-30.
External fixation of femur fractures in children.
Aronson J, Tursky EA.
J Pediatr Orthop. 1992 Mar-Apr;12(2):157-63. doi: 10.1097/01241398-199203000-00003.
Percutaneous arthrodesis.
Lauge-Pedersen H.
Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 2003 Feb;74(307):I, 1-30. doi: 10.1080/03008820310014109.
Treatment of femoral shaft fractures with monoaxial external fixation in polytrauma patients.
Testa G, Aloj D, Ghirri A, Petruccelli E, Pavone V, Massé A.
F1000Res. 2017 Aug 7;6:1333. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.11893.1. eCollection 2017.
