MRI Findings of Disc Degeneration are More Prevalent in Adults with Low Back Pain than in Asymptomatic Controls: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Brinjikji W, Diehn FE, Jarvik JG, Carr CM, Kallmes DF, Murad MH, Luetmer PH.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Dec;36(12):2394-9. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A4498. Epub 2015 Sep 10.
Pathobiology of Modic changes.
Dudli S, Fields AJ, Samartzis D, Karppinen J, Lotz JC.
Eur Spine J. 2016 Nov;25(11):3723-3734. doi: 10.1007/s00586-016-4459-7. Epub 2016 Feb 25.
Modic Change and Clinical Assessment Scores in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Surgery for Disk Herniation.
MacLean MA, Kureshi N, Shankar J, Stewart SA, Christie SD.
Clin Spine Surg. 2021 May 1;34(4):E205-E210. doi: 10.1097/BSD.0000000000001076.
Inflammation and macrophage polarization are associated with Modic change type in lumbar radiculopathy.
Li W, Djuric N, Mink C, Vleggeert-Lankamp CLA.
Brain Spine. 2025 Mar 26;5:104249. doi: 10.1016/j.bas.2025.104249. eCollection 2025.
Modic Changes of the Cervical and Lumbar Spine and Their Effect on Neck and Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Lambrechts MJ, Issa TZ, Toci GR, Schilken M, Canseco JA, Hilibrand AS, Schroeder GD, Vaccaro AR, Kepler CK.
Global Spine J. 2023 Jun;13(5):1405-1417. doi: 10.1177/21925682221143332. Epub 2022 Nov 30.
The Modic change grade is associated with patient-reported outcomes in lumbar spinal stenosis surgery.
Udby PM, Modic MT, Vestergaard T, Carreon LY.
Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2025 Oct;257:109052. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2025.109052. Epub 2025 Jul 8.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for Lumbar Disc Herniation With Type II Modic Changes.
Zhu H, Hussain Z, Zhang M, Ji F, Mao H, Li H, Chen H.
World Neurosurg. 2022 Aug;164:e143-e149. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.04.056. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
The relationship between traction spurs, Modic change, vacuum phenomenon, and segmental instability of the lumbar spine.
Tsukamoto M, Morimoto T, Kobayashi T, Muranaka K, Yoshihara T, Maeda K, Sonohata M, Kasai Y, Otani K, Mawatari M.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 15;12(1):9939. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14244-4.
The location of Modic changes in the lumbar spine: a meta-analysis.
Huang ZY, Xu HC, Lei T, Li QL, Wu AM, Ni WF.
Eur Spine J. 2016 Nov;25(11):3746-3759. doi: 10.1007/s00586-016-4456-x. Epub 2016 Feb 25.
Lumbar disc degeneration is associated with modic change and high paraspinal fat content - a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging study.
Teichtahl AJ, Urquhart DM, Wang Y, Wluka AE, O'Sullivan R, Jones G, Cicuttini FM.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016 Oct 21;17(1):439. doi: 10.1186/s12891-016-1297-z.
