Patella Alta: When to Correct and Impact on Other Anatomic Risk Factors for Patellofemoral Instability.
Biedert RM.
Clin Sports Med. 2022 Jan;41(1):65-76. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2021.07.002.
Patellofemoral Instability Part I: Evaluation and Nonsurgical Treatment.
Pauyo T, Park JP, Bozzo I, Bernstein M.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2022 Nov 15;30(22):e1431-e1442. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-22-00254. Epub 2022 Aug 29.
Conservative Versus Surgical Treatment for Primary Patellar Dislocation.
Frings J, Balcarek P, Tscholl P, Liebensteiner M, Dirisamer F, Koenen P.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2020 Apr 17;117(16):279-286. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0279.
Predisposing factors for Hoffa's fat pad syndrome: a systematic review.
Abelleyra Lastoria DA, Benny CK, Hing CB.
Knee Surg Relat Res. 2023 Jun 9;35(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s43019-023-00192-4.
What's up with patella alta?
Jones RH, Lijesen E, Green DW.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2025 Feb 1;37(1):82-87. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001428. Epub 2024 Nov 29.
Patellar instability.
Koh JL, Stewart C.
Clin Sports Med. 2014 Jul;33(3):461-76. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2014.03.011. Epub 2014 May 29.
Low lateral inclination angle, high sulcus angle, high trochlear height and patella alta are risk factors for first lateral patellar dislocation and complete MPFL rupture, comparative study.
Akcaalan S, Duran I, Kavaklilar A, Beser F, Caglar C, Ugurlu M.
J Exp Orthop. 2025 Mar 22;12(1):e70213. doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70213. eCollection 2025 Jan.
MPFL in First-Time Dislocators.
Shubin Stein BE, Gruber S, Brady JM.
Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2018 Jun;11(2):182-187. doi: 10.1007/s12178-018-9473-4.
Acute Patellofemoral Dislocation: Controversial Decision-Making.
Rund JM, Hinckel BB, Sherman SL.
Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2021 Feb;14(1):82-87. doi: 10.1007/s12178-020-09687-z. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
High Femoral Antetorsion Is a Major Risk Factor for Anterior Knee Pain whereas Trochlea Dysplasia Predisposes for Patella Dislocation.
Libicher S, Maurer E, Döbele S, Konrads C.
Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2023;90(3):206-210.
